

**********Main Text**********

***Taable 1 
summarize average_polarization if control_treatment==1 & Study2==0

summarize average_polarization if bland_treatment==1 & Study2==0

summarize average_polarization if vivid_treatment==1 & Study2==0

summarize average_polarization if vivid_disagreement_treatment==1 & Study2==0

summarize average_polarization if vivid_agreement_treatment==1 & Study2==0


***Figure 1
regress average_polarization vivid_vs_bland_treatment if Study2==0, robust

regress average_polarization vivid_agreement_vs_vivid if Study2==0, robust

regress average_polarization vivid_agree_vs_vivid_disagree if Study2==0, robust

regress average_polarization vivid_agree_vs_control if Study2==0, robust


***Figure 2
forvalues i=0/1 {
capture drop x`i' d`i'
kdensity average_polarization if vivid_agreement_treatment== `i', generate(x`i'  d`i') kernel(epanechnikov)
}

forvalues i=0/1 {
capture drop xb`i' db`i'
kdensity average_polarization if control_treatment== `i', generate(xb`i'  db`i') kernel(epanechnikov)
}

gen zero = 0
 
twoway rarea d1 zero x1 if x1>=-100 & x1<=100, color("15 178 170%40") ///
   ||  rarea db1 zero xb1 if xb1>=-100 & xb1<=100, color("red%15") ///
   xtitle("Average Affective Polarization") ///
   ytitle("Density") ///
   xla(-100(25)100) ///
   xline(44.68, lcolor("red%15")) xline(35.14, lcolor("15 178 170%40"))


***Figure 3
regress china_poses_threat_binary control_treatment_rep control_treatment_dem bland_treatment_rep bland_treatment_dem vivid_treatment_rep vivid_treatment_dem vivid_disagreement_rep vivid_disagreement_dem vivid_agreement_rep vivid_agreement_dem if Study2==0, noconst

regress china_poses_threat_binary control_treatment_rep_vs_dem if Study2==0, robust

regress china_poses_threat_binary abstract_treatment_rep_vs_dem if Study2==0, robust

regress china_poses_threat_binary vivid_treatment_rep_vs_dem if Study2==0, robust

regress china_poses_threat_binary vivid_disagree_rep_vs_dem if Study2==0, robust

regress china_poses_threat_binary vivid_agreement_rep_vs_dem if Study2==0, robust


*There's an overall increase in threat perceptions for the vivid/agreement treatment relative to the control 
regress china_poses_threat_binary vivid_agree_vs_control if Study2==0 & independent_binary==0, robust

regress china_enemy vivid_agree_vs_control if Study2==0 & independent_binary==0, robust
 
 
*Decrease in issue polarization much greater for vivid/agree than for vivid or bland
regress china_poses_threat_binary bland_treatment_rep_vs_dem, robust

regress china_poses_threat_binary vivid_treatment_rep_vs_dem, robust


***Figure 4
regress nuclear_weapons_7pt vivid_agree_vs_control if Study2==0, robust

regress chemical_weapons_7pt vivid_agree_vs_control if Study2==0, robust

regress torture_7pt vivid_agree_vs_control if Study==0, robust

regress target_civilians_7pt vivid_agree_vs_control if Study2==0, robust

regress norm_violtions_index_7pt vivid_agree_vs_control if Study2==0, robust


 
**********Appendix**********
 
******Study 1******
   
***Robustness Tests 

**Table 1 
regress average_polarization vivid_vs_bland_treatment pid_7pt militant_assertiveness education income income_decline age female white news_engagement_4pt if Study2==0, robust 

regress elected_official_polarization vivid_vs_bland_treatment if Study2==0, robust

regress voter_polarization vivid_vs_bland_treatment if Study2==0, robust

regress biden_polarization vivid_vs_bland_treatment if Study2==0, robust

regress average_outgroup_favorability vivid_vs_bland_treatment if Study2==0, robust


*Table 2
regress average_polarization vivid_agreement_vs_vivid pid_7pt militant_assertiveness white news_engagement_4pt female education income income_decline age if Study2==0, robust 

regress elected_official_polarization vivid_agreement_vs_vivid if Study2==0, robust

regress voter_polarization vivid_agreement_vs_vivid if Study2==0, robust

regress biden_polarization vivid_agreement_vs_vivid if Study2==0, robust

regress average_outgroup_favorability vivid_agreement_vs_vivid if Study2==0, robust

regress china_poses_threat_7pt vivid_agreement_vs_vivid if Study2==0, robust

regress china_poses_threat_7pt vivid_agreement_vs_vivid if Study2==0 & democrat_binary==1, robust

regress china_poses_threat_7pt i.vivid_agreement_vs_vivid##i.democrat_binary militant_assertiveness white news_engagement_4pt female education income income_decline age if Study2==0, robust 


*Table 3
regress average_polarization vivid_agree_vs_vivid_disagree pid_7pt militant_assertiveness white news_engagement_4pt female education income income_decline age if Study2==0, robust 

regress elected_official_polarization vivid_agree_vs_vivid_disagree if Study2==0, robust

regress voter_polarization vivid_agree_vs_vivid_disagree if Study2==0, robust

regress biden_polarization vivid_agree_vs_vivid_disagree if Study2==0, robust

regress average_outgroup_favorability vivid_agree_vs_vivid_disagree if Study2==0, robust

regress china_poses_threat_7pt vivid_agree_vs_vivid_disagree if Study2==0, robust

regress china_poses_threat_7pt vivid_agree_vs_vivid_disagree if Study2==0 & democrat_binary==1, robust

regress china_poses_threat_7pt i.vivid_agree_vs_vivid_disagree##i.democrat_binary militant_assertiveness white news_engagement_4pt female education income income_decline age if Study2==0, robust 


**Table 4 
regress average_polarization vivid_agree_vs_control pid_7pt militant_assertiveness white news_engagement_4pt female education income income_decline age if Study2==0, robust 

regress elected_official_polarization vivid_agree_vs_control if Study2==0, robust

regress voter_polarization vivid_agree_vs_control if Study2==0, robust

regress biden_polarization vivid_agree_vs_control if Study2==0, robust

regress average_outgroup_favorability vivid_agree_vs_control if Study2==0, robust


***Heterogeneous Effects 

**Table 5 
regress average_polarization i.vivid_vs_bland_treatment##c.pid_7pt militant_assertiveness white news_engagement_4pt female education income income_decline age if Study2==0, robust   
  
regress average_polarization i.vivid_vs_bland_treatment##c.militant_assertiveness pid_7pt white news_engagement_4pt female education income income_decline age if Study2==0, robust 

regress average_polarization i.vivid_vs_bland_treatment##c.education pid_7pt militant_assertiveness white news_engagement_4pt female income income_decline age if Study2==0, robust 

regress average_polarization i.vivid_vs_bland_treatment##c.income pid_7pt militant_assertiveness white news_engagement_4pt female education income_decline age if Study2==0, robust 

regress average_polarization i.vivid_vs_bland_treatment##i.female pid_7pt militant_assertiveness white news_engagement_4pt education income income_decline age if Study2==0, robust 

regress average_polarization i.vivid_vs_bland_treatment##c.age pid_7pt militant_assertiveness white news_engagement_4pt female education income income_decline if Study2==0, robust 

regress average_polarization i.vivid_vs_bland_treatment##i.white pid_7pt militant_assertiveness news_engagement_4pt female education income income_decline age if Study2==0, robust 

regress average_polarization i.vivid_vs_bland_treatment##c.news_engagement_4pt pid_7pt militant_assertiveness white news_engagement_4pt female education income income_decline age if Study2==0, robust 


**Table 6 
regress average_polarization vivid_vs_control_treatment if democrat_binary==1, robust

regress average_polarization vivid_vs_control_treatment if republican_binary==1, robust

regress average_polarization i.vivid_vs_control_treatment##i.republican_binary militant_assertiveness white news_engagement_4pt female education income income_decline age, robust


**Table 7 
regress average_polarization i.vivid_agree_vs_vivid_disagree##c.pid_7pt militant_assertiveness white news_engagement_4pt female education income income_decline age if Study2==0, robust   
  
regress average_polarization i.vivid_agree_vs_vivid_disagree##c.militant_assertiveness pid_7pt white news_engagement_4pt female education income income_decline age if Study2==0, robust 

regress average_polarization i.vivid_agree_vs_vivid_disagree##c.education pid_7pt militant_assertiveness white news_engagement_4pt female income income_decline age if Study2==0, robust 

regress average_polarization i.vivid_agree_vs_vivid_disagree##c.income pid_7pt militant_assertiveness white news_engagement_4pt female education income_decline age if Study2==0, robust 

regress average_polarization i.vivid_agree_vs_vivid_disagree##i.female pid_7pt militant_assertiveness white news_engagement_4pt education income income_decline age if Study2==0, robust 

regress average_polarization i.vivid_agree_vs_vivid_disagree##c.age pid_7pt militant_assertiveness white news_engagement_4pt female education income income_decline if Study2==0, robust 

regress average_polarization i.vivid_agree_vs_vivid_disagree##i.white pid_7pt militant_assertiveness news_engagement_4pt female education income income_decline age if Study2==0, robust 

regress average_polarization i.vivid_agree_vs_vivid_disagree##c.news_engagement_4pt pid_7pt militant_assertiveness white news_engagement_4pt female education income income_decline age if Study2==0, robust 


**Table 8 
regress average_polarization i.vivid_agree_vs_control##c.pid_7pt militant_assertiveness white news_engagement_4pt female education income income_decline age if Study2==0, robust   
  
regress average_polarization i.vivid_agree_vs_control##c.militant_assertiveness pid_7pt white news_engagement_4pt female education income income_decline age if Study2==0, robust 

regress average_polarization i.vivid_agree_vs_control##c.education pid_7pt militant_assertiveness white news_engagement_4pt female income income_decline age if Study2==0, robust 

regress average_polarization i.vivid_agree_vs_control##c.income pid_7pt militant_assertiveness white news_engagement_4pt female education income_decline age if Study2==0, robust 

regress average_polarization i.vivid_agree_vs_control##i.female pid_7pt militant_assertiveness white news_engagement_4pt education income income_decline age if Study2==0, robust 

regress average_polarization i.vivid_agree_vs_control##c.age pid_7pt militant_assertiveness white news_engagement_4pt female education income income_decline if Study2==0, robust 

regress average_polarization i.vivid_agree_vs_control##i.white pid_7pt militant_assertiveness news_engagement_4pt female education income income_decline age if Study2==0, robust 

regress average_polarization i.vivid_agree_vs_control##c.news_engagement_4pt pid_7pt militant_assertiveness white news_engagement_4pt female education income income_decline age if Study2==0, robust 


***Sample Composition 

*Table 9
summarize pid_7pt if Study2==0 & average_polarization!=., detail
summarize militant_assertiveness if Study2==0 & average_polarization!=., detail
summarize white if Study2==0 & average_polarization!=., detail
summarize news_engagement_4pt if Study2==0 & average_polarization!=., detail
summarize female if Study2==0 & average_polarization!=., detail
summarize education if Study2==0 & average_polarization!=. & education<9, detail
summarize income if Study2==0 & average_polarization!=. & income<25, detail
summarize age if Study2==0 & average_polarization!=., detail


***Pre-Registered Hypotheses
*H1
regress average_polarization bland_vs_control_treatment if Study2==0, robust
regress average_polarization vivid_vs_control_treatment if Study2==0, robust
*H4
regress average_polarization action_vs_no_action if Study2==0, robust
*H5
regress hawkish_china_policy_index_7pt bland_vs_control_treatment if Study2==0, robust
regress hawkish_china_policy_index_7pt vivid_vs_control_treatment if Study2==0, robust
*H6
regress hawkish_china_policy_index_7pt vivid_vs_bland_treatment if Study2==0, robust
*H7
regress hawkish_china_policy_index_7pt vivid_agreement_vs_vivid if Study2==0, robust
regress hawkish_china_policy_index_7pt vivid_agree_vs_vivid_disagree if Study2==0, robust
*H8
regress hawkish_china_policy_index_7pt action_vs_no_action if Study2==0, robust
*H9
regress china_poses_threat_7pt bland_vs_control_treatment if Study2==0, robust
regress china_poses_threat_7pt vivid_vs_control_treatment if Study2==0, robust
*H10
regress china_poses_threat_7pt vivid_vs_bland_treatment if Study2==0, robust
*H11	
regress china_poses_threat_7pt vivid_agreement_vs_vivid if Study2==0, robust
regress china_poses_threat_7pt vivid_agree_vs_vivid_disagree if Study2==0, robust
*H12	
regress china_poses_threat_7pt action_vs_no_action if Study2==0, robust
*H13
regress use_force_7pt bland_vs_control_treatment if Study2==0, robust
regress use_force_7pt vivid_vs_control_treatment if Study2==0, robust
*H14
regress use_force_7pt vivid_vs_bland_treatment if Study2==0, robust
*H15
regress use_force_7pt vivid_agreement_vs_vivid if Study2==0, robust
regress use_force_7pt vivid_agree_vs_vivid_disagree if Study2==0, robust	
*H16	
regress use_force_7pt action_vs_no_action if Study2==0, robust
*H17	
regress WVS_authoritarian_index_4pt bland_vs_control_treatment if Study2==0, robust
regress WVS_authoritarian_index_4pt vivid_vs_control_treatment if Study2==0, robust
*H18	
regress WVS_authoritarian_index_4pt vivid_vs_bland_treatment if Study2==0, robust
*H19 
regress mccarthy_index_7pt bland_vs_control_treatment if Study2==0, robust
regress mccarthy_index_7pt vivid_vs_control_treatment if Study2==0, robust	
*H20
regress mccarthy_index_7pt vivid_vs_bland_treatment if Study2==0, robust
*H21 	
regress mccarthy_index_7pt vivid_agreement_vs_vivid if Study2==0, robust
regress mccarthy_index_7pt vivid_agree_vs_vivid_disagree if Study2==0, robust		
*H22	
regress mccarthy_index_7pt action_vs_no_action if Study2==0, robust
*H23
regress racial_justice_concern_7pt bland_vs_control_treatment if Study2==0, robust
regress racial_justice_concern_7pt vivid_vs_control_treatment if Study2==0, robust		
*H24
regress racial_justice_concern_7pt vivid_vs_bland_treatment if Study2==0, robust
*H25	
regress racial_justice_concern_7pt vivid_agreement_vs_vivid if Study2==0, robust
regress racial_justice_concern_7pt vivid_agree_vs_vivid_disagree if Study2==0, robust			
*H26	
regress racial_justice_concern_7pt action_vs_no_action if Study2==0, robust
*H27
regress confidence_un_7pt bland_vs_control_treatment if Study2==0, robust
regress confidence_un_7pt vivid_vs_control_treatment if Study2==0, robust			
*H28	
regress confidence_un_7pt vivid_vs_bland_treatment if Study2==0, robust
*H29
regress confidence_un_7pt vivid_agreement_vs_vivid if Study2==0, robust
regress confidence_un_7pt vivid_agree_vs_vivid_disagree if Study2==0, robust	
*H30	
regress confidence_un_7pt action_vs_no_action if Study2==0, robust
*H31	
regress defend_ukraine_7pt bland_vs_control_treatment if Study2==0, robust
regress defend_ukraine_7pt vivid_vs_control_treatment if Study2==0, robust	
*H32	
regress defend_ukraine_7pt vivid_vs_bland_treatment if Study2==0, robust
*H33
regress defend_ukraine_7pt vivid_agreement_vs_vivid if Study2==0, robust
regress defend_ukraine_7pt vivid_agree_vs_vivid_disagree if Study2==0, robust		
*H34	
regress defend_ukraine_7pt action_vs_no_action if Study2==0, robust
*H35
regress coop_china_climatechange_7pt bland_vs_control_treatment if Study2==0, robust
regress coop_china_climatechange_7pt vivid_vs_control_treatment if Study2==0, robust	
*H36	
regress coop_china_climatechange_7pt vivid_vs_bland_treatment if Study2==0, robust
*H37
regress coop_china_climatechange_7pt vivid_agreement_vs_vivid if Study2==0, robust
regress coop_china_climatechange_7pt vivid_agree_vs_vivid_disagree if Study2==0, robust		
*H38	
regress coop_china_climatechange_7pt action_vs_no_action if Study2==0, robust
*H39	
regress men_better_leaders_7pt bland_vs_control_treatment if Study2==0, robust
regress men_better_leaders_7pt vivid_vs_control_treatment if Study2==0, robust		
*H40
regress men_better_leaders_7pt vivid_vs_bland_treatment if Study2==0, robust
*H41
regress men_better_leaders_7pt vivid_agreement_vs_vivid if Study2==0, robust
regress men_better_leaders_7pt vivid_agree_vs_vivid_disagree if Study2==0, robust		
*H42	
regress men_better_leaders_7pt action_vs_no_action if Study2==0, robust
	
	
******Study 2******
   
***Figure 1	
regress average_polarization vivid_agree_vs_control if Study2==1, robust
   
regress elected_official_polarization vivid_agree_vs_control if Study2==1, robust
 
regress voter_polarization vivid_agree_vs_control if Study2==1, robust
	

***Figure 2
regress sacrifice_partisan_goals_7pt vivid_agree_vs_control if Study2==1, robust

regress china_threat_7pt vivid_agree_vs_control if Study2==1, robust

regress absolute_concern_5pt vivid_agree_vs_control if Study2==1, robust

regress relative_concern_5pt vivid_agree_vs_control if Study2==1, robust

regress china_most_important_binary vivid_agree_vs_control if Study2==1, robust

regress nuclear_weapons_7pt vivid_agree_vs_control if Study2==1, robust

regress chemical_weapons_7pt vivid_agree_vs_control if Study2==1, robust

regress use_force_7pt  vivid_agree_vs_control if Study2==1, robust


**Table 10
regress average_polarization i.vivid_agree_vs_control##c.pid_6pt militant_assertiveness white news_engagement_4pt female education income income_decline age if Study2==1, robust   
  
regress average_polarization i.vivid_agree_vs_control##c.militant_assertiveness pid_6pt white news_engagement_4pt female education income income_decline age if Study2==1, robust 

regress average_polarization i.vivid_agree_vs_control##c.education pid_6pt militant_assertiveness white news_engagement_4pt female income income_decline age if Study2==1, robust 

regress average_polarization i.vivid_agree_vs_control##c.income pid_6pt militant_assertiveness white news_engagement_4pt female education income_decline age if Study2==1, robust 

regress average_polarization i.vivid_agree_vs_control##i.female pid_6pt militant_assertiveness white news_engagement_4pt education income income_decline age if Study2==1, robust 

regress average_polarization i.vivid_agree_vs_control##c.age pid_6pt militant_assertiveness white news_engagement_4pt female education income income_decline if Study2==1, robust 

regress average_polarization i.vivid_agree_vs_control##i.white pid_6pt militant_assertiveness news_engagement_4pt female education income income_decline age if Study2==1, robust 

regress average_polarization i.vivid_agree_vs_control##c.news_engagement_4pt pid_6pt militant_assertiveness white news_engagement_4pt female education income income_decline age if Study2==1, robust 


***Table 11
summarize pid_6pt if Study2==1 & average_polarization!=., detail
summarize militant_assertiveness if Study2==1 & average_polarization!=., detail
summarize white if Study2==1 & average_polarization!=., detail
summarize news_engagement_4pt if Study2==1 & average_polarization!=., detail
summarize female if Study2==1 & average_polarization!=., detail
summarize education if Study2==1 & average_polarization!=. & education<9, detail
summarize income if Study2==1 & average_polarization!=. & income<25, detail
summarize age if Study2==1 & average_polarization!=., detail

	
***Pre-Registered Hypotheses
*H1
regress average_polarization vivid_agree_act_vs_vivid_agree if Study2==1, robust
*H2
regress relative_concern_5pt vivid_agree_act_vs_vivid_agree if Study2==1, robust
*H3
regress absolute_concern_5pt vivid_agree_act_vs_vivid_agree if Study2==1, robust
*H4
regress effective_policy_response_7pt vivid_agree_act_vs_vivid_agree if Study2==1, robust
*H5
regress sacrifice_partisan_goals_7pt vivid_agree_act_vs_vivid_agree if Study2==1, robust
*H6
regress average_polarization vivid_act_mil_vs_vivid_act_econ if Study2==1, robust















